MECANISMOS NEUROBIOLÓGICOS DE LA DISRUPCIÓN DEL VÍNCULO MATERNO Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL CONSUMO DE EDULCORANTES
NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MATERNAL BOND DISRUPTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SWEETENER CONSUMPTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51437/nj.v29i3.416Keywords:
Separación materna, Edulcorantes, Conducta, RecompensaAbstract
Introducción: La separación materna durante la lactancia se ha considerado un evento estresante que genera cambios neuro-morfofisiológicos y comportamentales como la ansiedad e hiperactividad, así como vulnerabilidad preferente al consumo de alcohol, sacarosa y alimentos palatables. Considerando la relación entre estrés temprano y obesidad y el aumento en el consumo de edulcorantes como alternativa al uso de glucosa, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión que integre los avances experimentales relacionados a la separación materna y el consumo de edulcorantes.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de las publicaciones existentes tanto en inglés como en español y se incluyeron para el análisis 12 estudios experimentales en los cuales se llevó a cabo separación materna con posterior evaluación de consumo de agua con edulcorantes.
Resultados: La separación materna es un modelo experimental que permite evaluar las consecuencias del estrés en etapas tempranas de la vida; el consumo de alimentos palatables amortigua las respuestas ante el estrés e interviene con los mecanismos neuronales de recompensa, además de funcionar como medida de conducta anhedónica mediante la prueba de preferencia a la sacarosa.
Conclusiones: Existe discrepancia entre los resultados de las diferentes investigaciones, debido a que no hay unificación entre los protocolos de separación materna y la prueba de preferencia a la sacarosa. Adicionalmente, existen factores inherentes a los sujetos, como su clasificación taxonómica y sexo, que condicionan el comportamiento de madres y sus hijos ante el estrés.
Palabras clave: Separación materna; Edulcorantes; Recompensa; Conducta
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