TRAUMA CRANEOENCEFÁLICO: FISIOPATOLOGÍA Y MOLÉCULAS PROTECTORAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51437/nj.v29i3.394Palabras clave:
trauma craneoencefálico, tce, Terbutilhidroquinona, fisiopatología, Proteína Precursora Amiloide, Factor Nuclear Eritroide Similar al Factor 2Resumen
El trauma craneoencefálico es una patología que se caracteriza por presentar alguna alteración neurológica secundaria a una lesión traumática producida por la liberación de una fuerza externa, bien sea, química, mecánica, térmica, eléctrica, radiante o una mezcla de ellas; ocasionando daño estructural en la bóveda craneana y su contenido. Presenta diversas clasificaciones: según el mecanismo del trauma, según la severidad del trauma, o conforme a la correlación anatomopatológica. El trauma afecta a más de 60 millones de personas cada año en todo el mundo, mayoritariamente en países con bajos y medianos ingresos en los que ocurre el 90% de los casos, siendo los accidentes de tránsito el principal causal de la morbimortalidad asociada. Fisiopatológicamente se identifican la injuria primaria y secundaria. Ante la gravedad del TCE este artículo plantea describir algunas investigaciones sobre posibles blancos terapéuticos que pudieran mejorar la sobrevida de los pacientes o aminorar las lesiones subsecuentes del trauma, entre ellas la Proteína Precursora Amiloide, el Factor Nuclear Eritroide Similar al Factor 2 y la Terbutilhidroquinona. En este documento se abordan estas moléculas en el contexto del trauma, según la literatura desde 1990 hasta la actualidad, y se excluyeron documentos relacionados con la población pediátrica y obstétrica. Las tres moléculas tienen evidencia preclínica que las propone como potenciales blancos para intervención en trauma craneoencefálico, actuando sobre puntos clave de la fisiopatología del trauma.
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